100 lines
2.0 KiB
Markdown
100 lines
2.0 KiB
Markdown
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> 本文作者：丁辉
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# Docker 构建镜像
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> Docker 构建镜像有很多门道,今天咱就来说道说道,直接实际演示
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>
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> 为了方便简单演示,咱们就随便打包一份文件当作示例好了
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## 多阶段构建
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- 编写 Dockerfile
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> 使用 AS 参数,后面定义名称
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>
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> 第二个容器直接 COPY 第一个容器所构建好的文件包使用
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```bash
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vi Dockerfile
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```
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```dockerfile
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FROM alpine AS builder
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RUN apk add git \
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&& git clone https://gitee.com/offends/Docs.git \
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&& tar -cvf Docker-Template.tar ./Docker-Template
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FROM alpine
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COPY --from=builder /Docker-Template.tar /
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```
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开始构建
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```bash
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docker build -t app:v1 .
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```
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## 多阶段构建,选定构建容器
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- 编写 Dockerfile
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> 当我们在一个 Dockerfile 中定义了多个容器构建,这里我门可以使用 `--target` 参数指定特定的容器构建
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>
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```bash
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vi Dockerfile
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```
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```dockerfile
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FROM alpine AS builder
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RUN apk add git \
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&& git clone https://gitee.com/offends/Docs.git \
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&& tar -cvf Docker-Template.tar ./Docker-Template
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FROM alpine AS builder-2
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COPY --from=builder /Docker-Template.tar /
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RUN rm -rf /Docker-Template.tar
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FROM alpine AS builder-3
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COPY --from=builder /Docker-Template.tar /
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RUN tar -xvf /Docker-Template.tar
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```
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开始构建
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```bash
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docker build --target builder-3 -t app:v1 .
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```
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## 替换构建镜像或参数
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- 编写 Dockerfile
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> Dockerfile 可定义变量在外部指定
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>
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```bash
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vi Dockerfile
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```
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```dockerfile
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# 默认镜像使用 alpine ,通过外部定义修改镜像为 ubuntu
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ARG IMAGE=alpine
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FROM ${IMAGE}
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# 定义一个ENV，默认值为: default_env,外部传入 NAME_ARG 让 NAME 变量值改变为 demo_env
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ARG NAME_ARG
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ENV NAME=${NAME_ARG:-default_env}
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```
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开始构建
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```bash
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docker build --build-arg NAME_ARG=demo_env --build-arg IMAGE=ubuntu -t app:v1 .
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```
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