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> 本文作者:丁辉
>
> 更新时间:2026-11-05
# 二进制安装Containerd
[官方文档](https://containerd.io/docs/main/getting-started/) [Github文档](https://github.com/containerd/containerd/blob/main/docs/getting-started.md)
## 安装 Containerd
[containerd软件包](https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases)
[cni插件包](https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases)
1. 下载二进制文件
[Containerd](https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases) [Containerd.Service](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containerd/containerd/main/containerd.service)
```bash
wget https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v1.6.33/cri-containerd-cni-1.6.33-linux-amd64.tar.gz
wget https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v2.4.2/containerd-2.4.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containerd/containerd/main/containerd.service
```
2. 解压
```bash
mkdir containerd
tar -zxvf cri-containerd-cni-*-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C containerd
cd containerd
tar Cxzvf /usr/local containerd-*-linux-amd64.tar.gz
```
3. 移动文件至安装目录
3. 配置 Systemd
```bash
\cp usr/local/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
\cp etc/systemd/system/containerd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/containerd.service
mkdir /opt/cni/bin -p
\cp /root/containerd/opt/cni/bin/* /opt/cni/bin/
cp containerd.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/containerd.service
```
4. 备份配置文件
4. 启动 Containerd
```bash
mkdir /etc/containerd
containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now containerd
```
5. 修改驱动和镜像地址
## 安装 Runc
```bash
vi /etc/containerd/config.toml
```
内容如下
```toml
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc]
...
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc.options]
SystemdCgroup = true #修改这里
[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri"]
sandbox_image = "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9"
```
6. 配置 crictl 配置文件
```bash
curl -so /etc/crictl.yaml https://gitee.com/offends/Kubernetes/raw/main/Containerd/Files/crictl.yaml
```
7. 启动
```bash
systemctl enable containerd
systemctl start containerd
systemctl status containerd
```
## 安装 RunC
[Github软件包下载](https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/releases)
[Runc](https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/releases)
1. 下载
```bash
wget https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/releases/download/v1.1.12/runc.amd64
wget https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/releases/download/v1.5.2/runc.amd64
```
2. 安装
```bash
install -m 755 runc.amd64 /usr/local/bin/runc
install -m 755 runc.amd64 /usr/local/sbin/runc
```
## 安装 CNI 插件
[Cni-Plugins](https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases)
1. 下载
```bash
wget https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v1.9.1/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.9.1.tgz
```
2. 解压
```bash
mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin &&
tar Cxzvf /opt/cni/bin cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v*.tgz
```
## 安装 CLI
### Nerdctl
[Nerdctl](https://github.com/containerd/nerdctl/releases)
1. 下载
```bash
wget https://github.com/containerd/nerdctl/releases/download/v2.4.2/nerdctl-2.4.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz
```
2. 解压
```bash
tar zxvf nerdctl-*-linux-amd64.tar.gz
```
3. 安装
```bash
install -m 755 nerdctl /usr/local/bin/nerdctl
```
### Crictl
[Crictl](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cri-tools/releases)
1. 下载
```bash
wget https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cri-tools/releases/download/v1.37.0/crictl-v1.37.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
```
2. 解压
```bash
tar zxvf crictl-v*-linux-amd64.tar.gz
```
3. 安装
```bash
install -m 755 crictl /usr/local/bin/crictl
```
4. 添加配置文件
```bash
curl -so /etc/crictl.yaml https://raw.giteeusercontent.com/offends/Kubernetes/raw/main/Containerd/Files/crictl.yaml
```
## 配置 Containerd
[官方文档](https://kubernetes.io/zh-cn/docs/setup/production-environment/container-runtimes/#containerd-systemd)
1. 创建配置文件
```bash
mkdir /etc/containerd &&
containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml
```
**参数解释**
- **`containerd config default`**:用于**全新安装**,生成一份干净的、当前版本的默认配置。
- **`containerd config migrate`**:用于**从旧版本升级**,它会读取你现有的旧配置文件,并将其转换为新格式,同时保留你的自定义设置。
2. 修改驱动和镜像地址
```bash
sed -i "/SystemdCgroup/s/=.*/= true/" /etc/containerd/config.toml &&
sed -i "/^[[:space:]]*\[plugins\.'io\.containerd\.cri\.v1\.images'\.pinned_images\][[:space:]]*$/,/^[[:space:]]*\[/ s|^\([[:space:]]*sandbox[[:space:]]*=[[:space:]]*\).*|\1'registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.10.2'|" /etc/containerd/config.toml &&
sed -i "/^[[:space:]]*\[plugins\.'io\.containerd\.cri\.v1\.images'\.registry\][[:space:]]*$/,/^[[:space:]]*\[/ s|config_path = ''|config_path = \'/etc/containerd/certs.d\'|" /etc/containerd/config.toml
```
**参数解释**
| 参数 | 值 | 说明 | 适用版本 |
| --------------- | ------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------- | -------------- |
| `SystemdCgroup` | `true` | 启用 systemd cgroup 驱动 | containerd 2.x |
| `sandbox` | `registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.10.2` | 指定 pause 沙箱镜像为阿里云地址 | containerd 2.x |
| `config_path` | `/etc/containerd/certs.d` | 指定 registry 证书配置目录 | containerd 2.x |
3. 重新启动并查看状态
```bash
systemctl restart containerd &&
systemctl status containerd
```
4. 查看已加载的配置文件是否有错误
```bash
containerd config dump | grep WARN
```
## 配置镜像加速
1. 创建目录
```bash
mkdir -p /etc/containerd/certs.d/docker.io
```
2. 写入加速器地址
```bash
cat > /etc/containerd/certs.d/docker.io/hosts.toml << EOF
server = "https://docker.io"
[host."https://docker.m.daocloud.io"]
capabilities = ["pull", "resolve"]
EOF
```
3. 重启 containerd 使配置生效
```bash
systemctl restart containerd
```
## 配置允许不安全的仓库
```bash
cat > /etc/containerd/certs.d/docker.io/hosts.toml << EOF
[host."https://docker.io"]
capabilities = ["pull", "resolve","push"]
skip_verify = true
[host."https://docker.io".auth]
username = "username"
password = "password"
EOF
```